Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Definition

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of mechanical disease of the heart where walls of the heart get stretched out and become thin, causing a decreased contraction and systolic heart failure in severe cases.

Etiology
  • Ischemia to myocardium
  • Valve disease
  • Infectious
  • Metabolic
  • Alcohol use
  • Autoimmune
  • Toxin exposure
Clinical Features
  • Dyspnoea on exertion
  • Orthopnea
  • Fatigue
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Weight changes
  • Palpitation
  • Syncope
Investigations
  • Chest X-ray
  • Echocardiogram
  • Cardiac MRI
Management
  • Medication: Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Diuretics
  • Mechanical circulatory support in severe cases
  • Heart transplant in severe cases
Author