Mitral Stenosis

Definition

Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve, therefore, limiting blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole.

Etiology
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Degenerative calcification of the mitral valve
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Malignant carcinoid syndrome
Clinical Features
  • Can be asymptomatic in early stages
  • Dyspnoea
  • Fatigue
  • Haemoptysis
  • Chest pain
  • Loss of weight
  • Hoarseness (due to pressure on recurrent laryngeal nerve)
  • Orthopnoea
  • Peripheral oedema
Investigations
  • ECG
  • Chest X-ray
  • Echocardigram
Management
  • Beta-blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Diuretics
  • Cardiac glycosides
  • Anticoagulants
  • Mitral Valvotomy
Author